Issue 22 (2) – 2018

Rzeszów 2018

Artykuły

Krzysztof KASPRZAK and Joanna KOSTECKA
“Polish Journal for Sustainable Development”- 20 years of promoting sustainable development

DOI: 10.15584/pjsd.2018.22.2.1

The article presents the history of the creation and operation of the journal under the current name of the Polish Journal for Sustainable Development. The dissemination of the concept of sustainable development was emphasized. Twenty years of publishing a scientific journal is a period long enough that some summaries and reflections are possible. The information contained in the article covers the period of over 20 years of publishing the magazine in the years 1997-2018. The aim of the study was not only to show the effort and success of all authors, editorial staff, scientific board and publishing house, but also to use the opportunity to keep the readers in mind the concept of sustainable development, a concept that still gives hope for building the welfare of Homo sapiens in the 21st century.

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Mariola GARCZYŃSKA and Mariola KREMPA
Preliminary studies on vermicomposting of wastes of topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus L.)

DOI: 10.15584/pjsd.2018.22.2.2

An interest in renewable energy sources is increasing. This is mainly for environmental reasons, anxiety about exhaustion of fossil fuel resources, as well as Polish and EU legal conditions. An example of plant grown for biomass is Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), commonly known as topinambur. Apart from its energetic values, it has a wide range of other applications, on using which, some organic waste may appear in the environment. The objective of the work was to determine the selected properties of vermicomposting process of topinambur. Topinambur residues, as well as topinambur residues mixed with cattle manure were vermicomposted together with the participation of Dendrobaena veneta earthworms. The characteristics of the obtained vermicomposts were determined.

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Kinga Jowita JANORA, Mariola GARCZYŃSKA and Grzegorz PĄCZKA
Investigation of students’ awareness on the basis of waste management selection

DOI: 10.15584/pjsd.2018.22.2.3

Waste management in Poland is regulated by many legal provisions and has a significant impact on the daily life of citizens, leading them to segregate municipal waste. A very important aspect of waste management is proper segregation of waste that will allow a high level of recycling and preparation for re-use. It is therefore necessary to create a municipal waste management system in which everyone would participate actively The conducted online questionnaire survey analyzed the awareness of students of selected universities residing in dormitories regarding waste management

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Anna JĘCZMYK and Krzysztof KASPRZAK
Application of the environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) in tourism

DOI: 10.15584/pjsd.2018.22.2.4

The tourist product has an impact on the environment, therefore it is advisable to take effective actions. The aim to minimize the impact of travel services on the environment in all phases of this product life cycle. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of management is based on voluntariness and is a manifestation of forward thinking. A product in LCA technology can be either a specific object or the whole production process or service including a tourist service. The article presents the principles of environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) and indicates how it can be used in tourism

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Łukasz JURCZYK, Justyna KOC-JURCZYK and Mariusz BANAŚ
Chosen elements of waste management in the town and municipality of Narol

DOI: 10.15584/pjsd.2018.22.2.5

The aim of this work was the assessment of current state of waste management in the area of municipality and the town of Narol. The number and types of the morphological groups of waste depend, among others, on the demographic structure and inhabitants’ lifestyle. In this conditions waste is traditionally recognized as a source of pollution, but if utilized properly, it can be still a valuable source of raw materials. The diversity of the composition and properties of municipal waste (which moreover, change over time), but also the differences in characteristics of its generation locations as well as methods of collecting, make impossible to obtain sufficient information on the quantity and quality of waste, without analysis of systematically gathered data. The municipality of Narol produces annually over 2298 tons of municipal waste, 26% of which are collected within the town. It was found that the food waste and fraction below 10 mm dominates among all morphological groups of waste.

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Michał KOPEĆ, Krzysztof GONDEK and Monika MIERZWA-HERSZTEK
Circular economy in the context of food losses and wastage

DOI: 10.15584/pjsd.2018.22.2.6

Food waste is an economic and social problem. For many years, attempts have been made to reduce losses and food waste at various levels. The aim of the article was to present important elements in these activities; including the functioning of Food Banks and Circular Economy strategies. The need for organizational and educational activities in this field was emphasized at the level of production, logistics, consumption and waste management. These activities should follow a hierarchy leading ultimately to the total reduction of the dissipation of components and energy accumulated in the food. This will allow to decrease the impact of the agri-food industry and consumption on the environment.

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Izabela KORAB, Patryk JACEJKO, Izabella KARDYNAŁ, Lucjan OLCHAWA and Anna MAZUR-PĄCZKA
Consumer choices and waste management

DOI: 10.15584/pjsd.2018.22.2.7

The increase in consumption results in the production of more waste, including packaging. Companies focused on low production cost and quick profit, mainly use plastics due to their ease of processing, low weight and wide use. Most of the packaging, especially disposable, is not suitable for easy recycling and becomes dangerous to the health and life of organisms under the influence of external factors. A survey conducted among students of the University of Rzeszów on line showed that 75% of respondents are aware of the relationship between consumer choices and packaging waste management. More than half of students do not pay attention to the label on the packaging of goods.

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Natalia KORNAK and Joanna KOSTECKA
Selected indicators monitoring road to sustainable development

DOI: 10.15584/pjsd.2018.22.2.8

Implementing sustainable development is a long-term process that should be controlled. This can be achieved thanks to indicators that show the characteristics of, for example, the state of the environment, phenomena occurring in it, or the characteristics of a group of people forming a society. Specifying the indicator consists in reducing a large amount of data and showing it in the simplest form. The goal of the article was to present examples of sustainable development indicators. As an example of local indicators, a list was selected on the example of the Lubaczów poviat.

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Zaida Soler LUQUE and Joanna KOSTECKA
Biodiversity loss, the causes, the state and basic form of nature protection in Spain and Poland

DOI: 10.15584/pjsd.2018.22.2.9

The loss of biodiversity is a huge problem over recent years and is expected to continue. This is mainly due to human activity. Causes can be divided into direct; such as land use, pollution or climate change, and indirect, including demographic factors as well as economic and government issues. In order to avoid a further decline of biodiversity, nature conservation is undertaken, which plays a key role in preserving natural ecosystems. The aim of this review was to show the problem of loss of biodiversity and to compare the structure of nature conservation forms in Spain and Poland.

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Mateusz MICHALICHA
Impact of renewable energy sources on birds

DOI: 10.15584/pjsd.2018.22.2.10

Renewable energy is an important topic raised in connection with the growing energy demand of many countries. Numerous studies confirm that anthropopression reflects negatively on many species of animals and habitats. The principle of sustainable development allows the development of new technologies with simultaneous activities for the protection of nature. The use of renewable energy sources (RES), however, does not affect, for example, birds. These animals are particularly vulnerable to the impact of wind farms, solar energy installations, monocultures for the production of biofuels and others. The publication describes the actual and potential impacts of RES on avifauna, both negative and beneficial. It seems that if we want to combine renewable energy with effective protection of birds, we should pay attention to the location of the investment and bird species inhabiting the areas near the devices.

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Karolina MROCZEK, Mariusz RUDY, Renata STANISŁAWCZYK and Janusz MROCZEK
Meat production and consumption from the viewpoint of sustainable development

DOI: 10.15584/pjsd.2018.22.2.11

Important components of global food economy include the market of animal products, including poultry meat and eggs. Development of poultry farming and processing is driven for instance by the fact that nutritional aspects are more and more commonly taken into account by informed consumers. Intensification of poultry production on the one hand leads to higher profitability, and on the other hand is linked with greater volume of waste products. Environmental problems resulting from the use of poultry are associated with such hazards as: limited options for utilizing manure and litter, emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases, eutrophication and challenges linked to rational utilization of slaughterhouse wastes. Waste management in poultry farms and abattoirs is not always conducted in rational ways, therefore it is necessary to seek environmentally sound solutions, in line with the concepts of bioeconomy and sustainable rural development.

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Karolina MROCZEK, Mariusz RUDY, Marian GIL and Janusz MROCZEK
Possibilities of managing waste from poultry production in accordance with the principles of the bioeconomy

DOI: 10.15584/pjsd.2018.22.2.12

Out of all animal products, the most controversial is consumption of meat and its role in human diet. This is in spite of the fact that from times immemorial meat is treated as prestigious food reflecting the condition of the society. Due to the contents of valuable proteins, with proportions of amine acids beneficial for the human organism, meat, just like milk and eggs, plays an important role in food economy. The global economic development leads to increased affluence, higher demand for food and changes in models of food consumption, with growing intake of meat and its products. The necessity to satisfy the demand for meat in the dynamically growing human population is a driving factor for intensifying livestock production, which consequently leads to increasing livestock populations and related environmental pressure. Excessive and unsustainable consumption of meat does not only pose hazard for effective sustainable development, but also carries risks to people’s well-being, as one of the potential causes for diseases of affluence.

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Paulina NIEDZIELA, Konrad GÓRAK and Czesław PUCHALSKI
Shading solar panels

DOI: 10.15584/pjsd.2018.22.2.13

The paper presents the effect of shading on the operation of photovoltaic cells and the impact of shadow on energy yield and the likelihood of their damage. The possibilities of module protection, methods of preventing or reducing the effects of shading have been demonstrated.

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Tomasz OLBRYCHT and Monika KUCHARSKA-ŚWIERSZCZ
Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in cultivation of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) of south-east Poland

DOI: 10.15584/pjsd.2018.22.2.14

The publication presents the first information of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) inhabiting winter rape crops in south-eastern Poland. As a result of observations in 2009 and 2010, 2943 beetles belonging to 36 species were collected. The researched sites were diversified in terms of the number of caught beetles, however, small zoophags dominated on all of them. Eight species: Loricera pilicornis, Anisodactylus binotatus, Harpalus rufipes, Poecilus cupreus, Poecilus versicolor, Pterostichus melanarius, Anchomenus dorsalis, Chlaenius nitidulus were recorded in all studied fields. Large zoophages and species characteristic of forest areas occurred more frequently in the fields adjacent to woodlands and forests.

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Marta PISAREK, Jadwiga LECHOWSKA, Zbigniew W. CZERNIAKOWSKI, Jadwiga TOPCZEWSKA and Urszula KĘDZIERSKA
Economic activity and attitudes of the farmers to the natural environment from the community Iwonicz Zdrój

DOI: 10.15584/pjsd.2018.22.2.15

The aim of the research was to assess the economic activity of farmers conducting agricultural production in the area of the Iwonicz Zdrój commune in the context of sustainable development. All of the surveyed farmers know about the spa character of the commune, but none of the respondents knew about the formal and legal limitations resulting from the specific character of the commune. The age of farmers did not affect the way of farming and the level of their interest in ecological issues. Farmers limited themselves to observing the principles of the Code of Good Practice, while they were not interested in ecological activities that required them to incur financial expenses.

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David SOLER SEGOVIA and Joanna KOSTECKA
Air pollution, prevention and control methods – the need for change seen by the young people

DOI: 10.15584/pjsd.2018.22.2.16

Air pollution is a major problem nowadays, due to its importance as a source of other environmental problems, such as global warming and climate change, as well as their impact on worldwide health. Different studies support that this situation can be turned around, by applying diverse actions at different scales; individual, industrial and governmental. The exemplary programmes presented in this paper can be easily adapted by the interested and with their help education for sustainable development (including activities for clean air), can be implemented, similarly to the Faculty of Biology and Agriculture at the University of Rzeszów.

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